Method of heating liquids.



P. M. G. MAUVBRNAY.

METHOD OF HEATING LIQUIDS. APPLICATION rum) MAR. 25, 1908.

91 1,829, Patented Feb. 9. 1909.

WITNESSES THE NORRIS PETERS 00., wAsHma'TdN, m c.

IJNITED AER PATENT @FFIIQE.

METHOD OF I-EA'IING- LIQUIDS.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

Application filed March 25, 1908. Serial No. 423,250.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PIERRE MARIE CLAIR MAUVERNAY, a citizen of the Re ublic of France, residing in Lyon, (Rhone, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Heating of Liquids, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to an improved method for heating or heating and pooligg under pressure a continuous flow of iqui The invention has been specially devised for effectin the sterilization of liquids, but it is general y a plicable for heating or heating and cooling iquids as aforesaid.

According to the invention the liquid is sentunder pressure through a coil containing inverting devices adapted to direct the central flow of liquid to the walls of the coil and the peripheral flow towards the center, and the liquid is heated in this coil.

Such being the distinguishing features of the invention, I will proceed to describe, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, a transportable apparatus for carrying out the process of sterilizing liquids.

Figure 1 is a section of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one of the inverters hereinafter described, disposed in the coil. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of one of the inverters. Fig. 4 is a half crosssection thereof on line 77 of Fig. 8. Fig. 5 is a half cross-section thereof on line 88 of Fig. 3.

The apparatus consists of an externally heated coil G through which the liquid to be heated flows under pressure. The tempera ture can be regulated at will as about to be explained. The pressure may be secured and controlled by any usual or suitable means.

In order that the heating in the coil shall be satisfactory and extend to every part of the liquid, care must be taken that the liquid at the center of the pipe, and which flows the fastest, does not leave the apparatus without being raised to the sterilizing temperature. This result is attained by inverting devices which are designated as a whole by the letter H, disposed in the coil and serving to direct the central flow to the periphery, and conversely to direct the annular peripheral flow to the center. The inverter H is within the pipe G, indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2, and the com lete inversion is effected between the p anes of cross-section indicated at S and S the centralplane of cross-section being indicated at S. The circular cross-section S is divided into four sectors by equidistant radii from the center 0, the extremities of which radii are indicated at A, B, C and D. The segment A, D, O of the circle, and the diametrically opposite segment O, D, 0, communicate at the left With the space outside of the inverter H, and at the right with the space inside of said inverter, thus effecting the inversion of the liquid from the outside to the center of the pipe as the liquid travels from the left to the right. The segments B, C, O, and A, D, O, on the other hand 0 en communication between the center of t e inverter H at the left and the outside of the inverter at the right, so that as the liquid travels from left to right the central part of the stream is transferred to the outer part of the pipe. It will be seen that this inverter centralizes the peripheral flow and directs the central flow to the periphery. The effect of the cylindrical portions at the ends is to render the currents again parallel. By fitting a certain number of these devices in the coil I am enabled to insure that the central and peripheral flow shall be e ually heated and that the liquid shall not eave the apparatus, before it has been heated throughout to the desired temperature.

The heating of the coil G may be efiected at an automatically constant temperature to any desired degree by the following method, which I call mixed-steam or vapor heating, and .which consists in employing as the heating fluid a mixture of gas and saturating steam or vapor in proportions depending u on the particular case.

The coi G is inclosed in a strong cylindrical iron casing I closed at the bottom by a plate J fitted with a purge cock f. The cy inder I is provided with four pipe connections. The first g carries off the condensation water to an automatic discharge; the lowermost connection h communicates by a rising pipe K with a small reservoir M containing a lioat t, and lastly there are the two large connections N and bl connected together by a bent pipe N The pipe N is fitted with a connection 0 having a nozzle j through which steam is discharged as a jet. The nozzle 3' is connected to the valve 7c which regulates the admission of the steam from the boiler or generator. A blow-0E cock m is fitted on the pipe N The top of the casing I is closed by a cover Q seated upon an angle iron ring a fitted on the lip of the casing I; the cover is clamped on and carries the coil. It is formed with two holes into which are screwed the elbow connections R R The former is connected'to the pipe 0 which brings the liquid from the pump, and R is connected to the pipe p which conveys the heated liquid to a vessel or reservoir. The ends of the coil G are connected to the elbo'ws R R inside the cover, and one or more thermometers are provided for observing the temperature of the liquid flowing through the coil.

The heating is effected as lollows: In the steam pipe 7' leading from the boiler to the nozzle is fitted a suitable valve 7c adapted to partially or entirely open or shut oil the pipe. This may be a plug valve, flap valve, or other suitable valve. The spindle or lug 7c for opening this valve is connected. Ey a lever r to the float i, so that when the float is in its highest position the valve is closed, and when it falls to the bottom of the vessel M the valve is fully open. By means of this arrangement the pressure in the casing I is kept constant and equal to the atmospheric pressure plus the height of the water column between the level in the float reservoir M and the connection g.

Assuming that a constant pressure has been attained, the operation will be as fol lows: The float i being in its lowest position and the bottom of the casing I tilled with water, steam is tuned on. The steam entering by the nozzle raises the pressure in the casirg until the water forced into the pipe fills the reservoir, lifts the iloat i, and closes the steam admission valve '76. The casing I is now filled with a mixture of air or gas and steam or vapor, the temperature of which corresponds with the proportion of saturating steam or vapor contained in the mixture (Daltons law of mixture of gases and vapors). it cold liquid be now passed l into the coil G a portion of the steam condenses, and in so doing heats the liquid, the pressure falls, and a further quantity of steam is admitted, bringing the mixture again to the original temperature. The operation then proceeds regularly; the steam or vapor admitted expands in the air or gas in the casing and mixes therewith in at a con,- sub- To raise this temperature it is only ncccssarv to openthe blow-oil cock m, by which moans the volume of mixture escaping from m is rcplaced by the same volume of unmixcd steam or vapor; the proportion of stcain or vapor in the mixture is thus incrcascd and its temperature raised. The tcmpcra'inro is indicated by the thermometer q. ll lhc blow-oil cock m be closed, the tcnuicratu'ro keeps constant, since the proporlion of air contained in the mixture and the prcssure of the mixture are kept cons rat by the controlling device. The maximum temperature attainable that corresponding to the pressure (at mospherie prcssurc plus the column of water) of the saturating sicain or vapor, when the heating is being cll'cctcd by unmixed steam or vapor. To rcduco the temperature it is only necessar to inject air or a gas into the casing l. 'i he proporlioa ol saturating steam or apor is thus rcduccd and the temperature falls. The minimum temperature is that ol" the liquid circulating in the coil G. This heating is thus cll'cctcd by a saturating vapor expanded in an inc-rt It may be styled mixed \zipor hcating.

.Yhat I claim is 1. The method of heating liquid, which consists in pathe liquid undcr pressure through a coil, heating it in said coil at a c nstant temperature, and successivctv inverti' L the central and the outer parts of t he liquid as it passcs through said coilv 2. The method of heaths;- liquid, which consists in passing the liquid under pressure through a coil, heati g it in said coil at a consta t temperature, succcssivcl c inrcrting the central and the outcr parts of lhc liquid as it passes through said coil. and l(l':lli:l the heated liquid under prc-ssurc at the dcsired temperature in a rcsciwoir without interruption or the l row.

In witness whereof, l. have hcrcunto sii jrcd my name in. the Pi'QSOifIO of two subscribing witnesses.

llEllllll MARIE Clnllll llXliYl'lllNiY. ll itnesses:

Pacxr n Tnfzononn lntov (liminu'r, MARIN Vxeuoxv. 

